15 Vascular Prostheses for Open Surgery: An Overview

Vascular prostheses play a crucial role in open surgery, providing a means to replace or repair damaged blood vessels. These prostheses are typically made from synthetic materials and are designed to mimic the mechanical and biological properties of natural blood vessels. In this article, we will delve into the world of vascular prostheses, exploring their different types, applications, and the factors that influence their performance.

Types of Vascular Prostheses

Vascular prostheses can be classified into three main categories:

Biotextiles as medical implants: 15. Vascular prostheses for open surgery (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles)

by Stephen W. Rosen

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1. Woven Prostheses

Woven prostheses are made by interlacing threads or fibers to create a fabric-like structure. They offer excellent flexibility and porosity, allowing for easy anastomosis and tissue integration. Examples include Dacron (polyethylene terephthalate) and Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene).

2. Knitted Prostheses

Knitted prostheses are formed by interlocking loops of yarn to create a mesh-like structure. They are highly conformable and can withstand significant pressure. Knitted prostheses are commonly used in arterial bypass and endovascular procedures.

3. Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) Prostheses

ePTFE prostheses are made from a porous, expanded form of Teflon. They are highly durable, resistant to kinking, and have excellent biocompatibility. ePTFE prostheses are frequently used in small-diameter grafts and in areas with complex anatomy.

Applications of Vascular Prostheses

Vascular prostheses are used in a wide range of open surgical procedures, including:

1. Arterial Bypass Grafting

In this procedure, a prosthetic graft is used to bypass a narrowed or occluded artery, restoring blood flow to the affected area. Examples include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and carotid endarterectomy.

2. Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Vascular prostheses are used to replace or reinforce weakened sections of the aorta, preventing rupture and life-threatening hemorrhage. Endovascular repair (EVAR) and open surgical repair are two common approaches.

3. Peripheral Artery Disease Treatment

Prostheses are employed to improve blood flow to limbs affected by peripheral artery disease. This can involve bypass grafting, angioplasty, or stenting procedures.

Factors Influencing Prosthetic Performance

The performance of vascular prostheses is influenced by several factors, including:

1. Material Properties

The material used to construct the prosthesis plays a critical role in its durability, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Synthetic materials like Dacron, Teflon, and ePTFE offer different combinations of these properties.

2. Design Features

The design of the prosthesis, such as its porosity, wall thickness, and diameter, affects its resistance to kinking, thrombosis, and infection. Advanced designs like fenestrated grafts and bifurcated prostheses can accommodate complex anatomical structures.

3. Surgical Technique

The skill and experience of the surgeon can significantly influence the long-term success of a prosthetic implant. Proper anastomosis, tension-free placement, and meticulous wound care are essential for optimal outcomes.

4. Patient Factors

Patient factors like age, smoking status, and underlying medical conditions can affect the durability and patency of vascular prostheses.

Vascular prostheses are essential tools in open surgery, providing a means to repair and replace damaged blood vessels. Woven, knitted, and ePTFE prostheses offer a range of properties to suit different surgical applications. The selection and performance of these prostheses are influenced by material properties, design features, surgical technique, and patient factors. By understanding these factors, surgeons can optimize the outcomes of vascular surgery and improve patient outcomes.

Biotextiles as medical implants: 15. Vascular prostheses for open surgery (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles)

by Stephen W. Rosen

4.3 out of 5

Language	:	English
File size	:	3072 KB
Text-to-Speech	:	Enabled
Screen Reader	:	Supported
Enhanced typesetting	:	Enabled
Print length	:	65 pages
Paperback	:	29 pages
Item Weight	:	1.44 ounces
Dimensions	:	5 x 0.08 x 8 inches

FREE